Mona, Puerto Rico
Located 47 miles southwest from Mayagüez and 37 miles southeast of Punta Espada, Dominican Republic rugged Mona Island sits at the heart of the Mona Passage, one of the deepest and most biologically diverse marine regions in the Caribbean. Although geographically closer to the Dominican Republic, Mona's history has been closely tied to Puerto Rico.
Discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493, the island was later visited by Ponce de León in 1508. In 1511, Columbus' son, Diego, granted the island to his younger brother Bartolomé.
A Glimpse Into Mona’s Rich History
Mona Island holds significant historical and archaeological value, with Taino remains, petroglyphs, pictographs, and artifacts still present. Among the historical relics found on the island are:
- Taino village ruins, visited by both Columbus and Ponce de León.
- Taino petroglyphs and pictographs carved into the limestone caves.
- Skeletons, bottles, and artifacts from early European explorers.
- Ruins of stone walls, cabins, and ancient trails, marking Mona’s colonial past.
Island Geography & Climate
The island is about 7 miles long and 4 miles wide, with an approximate area of 13,638 acres (twice as large as Culebra); its shape roughly that of a lima bean with the concavity toward the north.
Its climate is classified as semi-arid sub-tropical, with year-round temperatures ranging from 80°F to 90°F (27°C to 32°C).
The island has 200-foot cliffs riddled with caves. The highest peak is about 300 feet above sea level. There is little vegetation, although there has been some reforestation. The island has no permanent inhabitants, except by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources (DNR) personnel (resident biologist and rangers).
Wildlife & Endangered Species
Mona Island is often compared to the Galápagos Islands, as it harbors unique and endangered species found nowhere else. The island is home to:
- Mona Ground Iguana (Cyclura stejnegeri) – The largest native land vertebrate in Puerto Rico, growing up to 4 feet long. Listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, this species is found only on Mona Island.
- Endangered Sea Turtles – The surrounding waters provide an important nesting site for three species:
- Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
- Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
- Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
- Red-Footed Boobies & Rare Seabirds – The island is home to one of the Caribbean’s largest seabird populations, including the rare red-footed booby (Sula sula).
- Marine Life & Coral Reefs – Over 270 fish species and one of the most pristine coral reef systems in the Caribbean can be found in Mona’s waters. The island is also a seasonal home to humpback whales that migrate through the Mona Passage during winter.
- Unspoiled Ecosystems – The island offers mangrove forests, limestone cliffs, and the world's largest marine-originated cave system, providing habitats for numerous rare species.
Activities & Attractions
- Hiking & Eco-Tours – Explore Taino caves, unique rock formations, and untouched landscapes.
- Snorkeling & Scuba Diving – Experience crystal-clear waters, thriving coral reefs, and vibrant marine life.
- Birdwatching & Wildlife Observation – Spot rare seabirds, endemic iguanas, and nesting sea turtles.
- Camping at Sardinera Beach – The only designated camping site (permits required).
- Boat Charters & Fishing – Available for those exploring the island's rugged coastline and secluded coves.
- Mona Island Lighthouse – Built in 1900, it was one of the first two lighthouses constructed by the U.S. Government in Puerto Rico.
What You Need to Know
- No Permanent Residents – The island is uninhabited except for rangers and researchers from the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DRNA).
- Strict Conservation Rules – As a protected nature reserve, visitors must obtain permits before arriving.
- Getting There – Access is only by private boat or charter. The trip can take 4-7 hours, depending on sea conditions.
- Limited Visitor Capacity – Only 100 visitors are allowed at a time to protect the fragile ecosystem.
- For Permits & Travel Arrangements: Contact DRNA at (787) 722-1726.
Why Visit Mona Island?
For those seeking a true off-the-grid adventure, Mona Island offers an unparalleled natural experience. From its untouched beaches and ancient cave art to its endangered wildlife and vibrant marine ecosystems, Mona remains one of Puerto Rico’s most remarkable and protected treasures.
A trip to Mona is not just an escape—it’s an expedition into a world unlike any other in the Caribbean.
Map References
Land Area: 10.9 sq km (6.7 sq mi)
Coordinates: Latitude: 18.10° N Longitude: 67.90° W
Other Resources
